聯合國報告:氣候變化影響廣泛

Global warming is having an impact on human and natural systems world-wide, scientists warned in a report Monday, calling for swift action to mitigate the impact of greenhouse gas emissions on the planet.

科學家們週一在一份報告裏警告說，全球變暖正對人類和全球自然系統產生影響。他們呼籲迅速採取行動，緩解溫室氣體排放對地球的影響。

The report, released by the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, is the second portion of a four-part report, and follows the September release of the first portion, which focused on scientific evidence for global warming.

上述報告由聯合國政府間氣候變化專門委員會(United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change，簡稱IPCC)發佈，是一個由四部分組成的報告的第二部分，其中專注全球變暖科學依據的第一部分已在去年9月發佈。

'What happens in terms of impact of climate change in different parts of the world will be determined to a large extent (by how much) we are prepared and able to mitigate the emissions of greenhouse gasses,' IPCC Chairman Rajendra K. Pachauri said.

IPCC主席帕喬裏(Rajendra K. Pachauri)說：氣候變化對世界各地產生怎樣的影響，很大程度上將由我們準備且能夠減少多少溫室氣體排放決定。

The report said that besides an increase in global average temperature, climate change was having a widespread impact on everything from water resources to food production and weather patterns.

報告說，除全球平均氣溫增加以外，氣候變化還對從水資源到食品生產及天氣模式等一切事物產生廣泛影響。

It said that without action to address the problem, by the year 2100, hundreds of millions of people could be affected by coastal flooding and displaced due to land loss.

報告說，如不對這一問題採取任何行動，到2100年，受海岸洪災和土地流失影響而背井離鄉者可能會達到數億人。

'Impacts from recent extreme climatic events, such as heat waves, droughts, floods, and wildfires, show significant vulnerability and exposure of some ecosystems and many human systems to climate variability,' the report warned.

報告警告說，熱浪、乾旱、洪災和森林大火等近期極端氣候事件的影響顯示出，一些生態系統和很多人類系統都非常容易受到氣候變異的影響。

The report said climate change may affect the reliability of pipelines and electricity grids, as well as tourism resorts, especially ski and beach resorts.

報告說，氣候變化可能影響到管道、電網和旅遊度假區的可靠性，特別是滑雪和海邊度假地的可靠性。

It also said climate change had the largest impact on people who are socially and economically marginalized.

報告還稱，對於在社會上和經濟上被邊緣化的人來說，氣候變化對他們的影響最大。

'Climate change will exacerbate poverty in low and lower-middle income countries, including high mountain states, countries at risk from sea-level rise, and countries with indigenous peoples, and create new poverty pockets in upper-middle to high-income countries in which inequality is increasing,' it said.

報告稱，氣候變化將加劇中低收入國家的貧困狀況，其中包括高山國家、因海平面的上升而面臨危險的國家以及擁有原住民的國家，還將在貧富差距日益增大的中高收入國家產生新的貧困人口。

But funding needed to offset the impact of climate change is lacking, the report warned, saying developing countries would need between $70 billion to $100 billion a year to implement needed measures. And efforts to reduce the effects of climate change would only have a marginal effect on reducing poverty unless 'structural inequalities are addressed and needs for equity among poor and non-poor people are met.'

但報告警告說，缺乏抵消氣候變化影響所需的資金。報告說，發展中國家每年需要700億至1,000億美元實施必要的措施。此外，各種減少氣候變化影響的措施對減貧只會產生微乎其微的效果，除非結構性貧富差距得以消除，貧困人口和非貧困人口要求平等的訴求得到滿足。

The report was the culmination of efforts by hundreds of scientists, and portrays a sobering picture of what civilization may face in the coming decades, and emphasized that climate change is happening now.

這份報告是數百名科學家汗水的結晶，它描繪出一幅令人深思的圖景，顯示出未來幾十年人類文明可能面臨的問題，它還強調氣候變化正在發生。

'Present-day choices thus affect the risks of climate change throughout the 21st century,' it said.

報告說，今日的選擇因此會影響整個21世紀的氣候變化風險。

Economically, the report said a global temperature rise of 2.5 degrees celcius above preindustrial levels could lead to global economic losses between 0.2% and 2.0% of income. By the end of the century, it said climate change could reduce labor productivity by 11%-27% in humid, tropical areas.

報告說，就經濟方面而言，如果全球氣溫較工業時代之前的水平上升2.5攝氏度，則可能使全球經濟收入損失0.2%至2.0%。報告說，到本世紀結束，氣候變化可能使潮溼、熱帶地區勞動生產率降低11%-27%。

The IPCC's credibility has come under scrutiny since a 2007 report that contained errors about the pace of the melting of Himalayan glaciers.

2007年，IPCC發佈了一份報告，報告中有關喜馬拉雅冰川消融的速度有誤，此後IPCC的信譽一直受到質疑。