張培基英譯散文賞析之《書與人》

書與人
Books and Man
金聖華
Jin Shenghua
| 譯文摘自張培基《英譯中國散文選二》

有朋友在情場上轟轟烈烈地馳騁了一陣，終於累了，最後，收拾情心，悄悄退回書齋之中，終日與書本爲伍。
A friend of mine, having been actively involved in the arena of love for some time, finally became weary of it and, containing himself, quietly retired to his study to spend time with books all day long.
再不聽到他唉聲嘆氣，只覺得他心情平和，彷彿一切都豁然開朗，天地廣闊了許多。
He was no longer heard sighing deeply. On the contrary, he now had a peaceful mind and felt everything was bright and clear and the world wide and open.
要點：
1，“在情場上轟轟烈烈地馳騁了一陣”譯爲having been actively involved in the arena of love for some time,其中“having been actively involved in”意爲”積極參與“在政經類文章中也經常粗線~”馳騁“也可譯作gallop about in…或engross in” 2,情場“譯爲the arena of love（即愛情的競技場）
3，“收拾心情”意即“自我剋制”“收斂自己”，譯爲containing himself
4,” 唉聲嘆氣”= sighing deeply
5,” 豁然開朗”= felt everything was bright and clear,” 天地廣闊”= the world wide and open

綜述：
金先生在翻譯界和文學界都很有名，突然發現好多翻譯大家都是文學大家~可見中文功底的重要性~本文簡潔精闢，寓莊於諧，四字詞的使用是一大特色~
把自己的喜怒哀樂，完全寄託在另外一個人身上，原是一件十分危險的事。對方喜則自己心花怒放，對方怒則自己心驚膽戰，對方的一笑一顰，完全控制着自己的情緒起落，這又何苦呢？
It is very dangerous to let somebody be master of your sentiments, such as joy, anger, pleasure and sorrow. For example, you are elated simply because the other party looks cheerful, you are jumpy simply because the other party looks put out. Consequently, you are completely at the mercy of the other party as regards your own mood. Is it worth it?
要點：
1，“把自己的喜怒哀樂，完全寄託在另外一個人身上”意即“讓別人控制自己的喜怒哀樂”，故譯to let somebody be master of your sentiments, such as joy, anger, pleasure and sorrow.後面又出現的“…完全控制着自己的情緒起落”,譯者將“控制”譯爲at the mercy of
2,” 對方喜則自己心花怒放，對方怒則自己心驚膽戰”這句話也很好找邏輯，“因爲對方高興自己而開心。因爲對方生氣而提心吊膽“
3. “這又何苦呢？”即“這值得嗎”譯爲Is it worth it?

綜述：四字詞如“心花怒放”“心驚膽戰”，提取核心意思即可~

面對書本，則完全沒有這種麻煩。
As to books, things are entirely different.
要點：
“全沒有這種麻煩”即“情況大不相同”，採取意思擴大化，譯爲things are entirely different

擇書比擇友簡單得多。不善辭令、厭惡應酬的人，可以自由自在地徜徉於書林之中，遊目四顧，俯拾皆友。
It is much easier to choose a book than a friend. One who is poor at speech and shuns socializing will nevertheless feel like being surrounded by friends while sauntering freely in the midst of books.
要點：
1，“厭惡應酬”譯爲shuns socializing，其中shun意爲“（有意）躲開，避開”，socialize意爲“參加社交活動”，《張培基》中也提到另一種譯法，即“dislike s social functions，但social functions指社交集會，涵蓋不如socialize廣
2，“遊目四顧，俯拾皆友”即“周圍都是朋友” =feel like being surrounded by friends

看書，可以博覽，可以細嚼，沒有人會怪你喜新厭舊，也沒有人要求你從一而終。你大可以從一本換到另一本，喜愛的書，不妨一讀再讀；不耐看的書，又可隨手拋下，誰也不會因此而傷心失望。人際關係錯綜複雜，那“書際關係”呢？只要花點時間去了解，再高深的學問也弄得明白。
Some books are to be read cursorily, and some are to be chewed and digested. None will ever call you fickle-minded, and none will ever demand that you be constant in your affection. You can go from one book to another. And you can read your favorite book over and over again. When you lay aside the book you dislike, none will ever feel hurt or disappointed. While interpersonal relations are most complicated, what about your relations with books? Devote your time to studies, and you will be able to acquire any knowledge no matter how profound it is.
要點：
1，“可以細嚼“譯爲some are to be chewed and digested,譯者引用培根《談讀書》一文中的用語，把”細嚼“譯爲to be chewed and digested
2，“喜新厭舊“，譯者將其意思擴大化，譯爲fickle-minded，
3，“不耐看的書，又可隨手拋下，誰也不會因此而傷心失望“譯爲When you lay aside the book you dislike, none will ever feel hurt or disappointed.即”你可以隨手拋下你不喜歡的書，誰也不會因此而傷心失望“，譯者用when進行串句，體現翻譯句式的靈活性~

手持一書，吟哦於四壁之中，神遊於四海之外，既可以與老莊談心，又可以跟柏拉圖對話。心情煩悶時，濟慈、雪萊在你耳畔喁喁細語，巴爾扎克爲你搬演《人間喜劇》，還有李白、杜甫、王爾德、莎士比亞……一大堆才華橫溢的朋友等着你呼喚前來。找不到朋友時，爲什麼不翻翻書？
While being confined to your small room with a book in your hand, your mind will be roaming throughout the world. You will not only have a heart-to-heart chat with Laozi (1) and Zhuangzi (2), but also converse with Plato. When you are in a mood, Keats and Shelley will whisper to you soothingly, and Balzac will stage for you stories from his La Comedie Humaine. And a galaxy of talented friends like Li Bai (3), Du Fu (4), Oscar Wilde, Shakespeare…will come to you at your you are lonely, why not seek the company of books?
要點：
1，“手持一書，吟哦於四壁之中，神遊於四海之外…”，其中”四壁“即書房，“吟哦於四壁”即“呆在書房”，故譯爲While being confined to your small room with a book in your hand, your mind will be roaming throughout the world.
2，“心情煩悶時”譯爲When you are in a mood，in a mood是成語，譯爲“情緒不好，
3，“在你耳畔喁喁細語“譯爲will whisper to you soothingly,其中soothingly是增益成分，譯爲“用安撫的口氣”
4，“巴爾扎克爲你搬演《人間喜劇》”即“巴爾扎克重述‘人間喜劇’中的故事，爲你帶來樂趣”譯爲Balzac will stage for you stories from his La Comedie Humaine

綜述：
像本段第一句頗有古文的意蘊，翻譯時最重要的就是要弄清原文字詞和用語的含義，處理好文化差異，其次要注意句子銜接，除了使用增譯關聯詞還要依靠內在邏輯引導~此處譯者就使用了while來引導
(1) Laozi (or Lao-tzu, c.604-531 BC), renowned Chinese philosopher of the late Spring and Autumn Period and founder of Taoism.
(2) Zhuangzi (or Chuang-tzu, c.369-286 BC), Chinese philosopher and writer of the Warring States Period who advocated Taoism.
(3) Li Bai (701-762), one of China’s most famous poets in the Tang Dynasty.
(4) Du Fu (712-770), one of China’s most famous poets in the Tang Dynasty.

要點：
有關中國傳統文化的特色詞彙，涉及人物過多~因此採用的是加腳註的方法