好萊塢要復工了——但是很多東西都變了

日前美國好萊塢傳來了一個好消息：影視產業要復工了！壞消息是，打戲和親密戲將被盡力縮減，拍攝進度變慢，製片費也將更加高昂。

Starting June 12, Hollywood can resume film and TV production, California governor Gavin Newsom announced over the weekend. While shoots are still subject to approval by public health officials, this opens the door for the entertainment industry to get back to work after the coronavirus pandemic forced a three-Month hiatus.

美國加州州長加文·紐森上週末宣佈，從6月12日起，好萊塢可以恢復電影和電視製作。儘管拍攝計劃還需經過衛生部門官員的批准，但是這一決定爲娛樂業復工打開了大門。此前新冠疫情迫使娛樂業停工了三個月。

Hollywood’s labor unions and the Alliance of Motion Picture and Television Producers joined forces to release a white paper last week, outlining their recommendations for how to safely resume film and TV production.

上週好萊塢工會和電影與電視製片人聯盟聯合發佈了一份白皮書，概述了恢復電影電視製作的安全建議。

While all of the group’s recommendations may not necessarily be implemented, the white paper is seen as an important step toward restarting the film and TV industries. Many of the new filming protocols meant to reduce the risk of transmission could last long after the pandemic recedes, creating a new normal for moviemaking worldwide.

儘管這些建議可能不一定被全部實施，但是這份白皮書可被視爲重啓電影和電視行業的重要一步。許多旨在降低病毒傳播風險的拍攝新規可能會在疫情好轉後仍長期存在，在世界各地形成電影製作的新常態。

打戲和親密戲份減少了

“Certain activities such as fight scenes or intimate scenes increase the risk of transmission,” the white paper reads. “When maintaining physical distancing is not act must be kept to the shortest amount of time possible.”

白皮書寫道：“某些活動，比如打戲和親密戲份，會增加病毒傳播的風險。雖然不可能在拍攝中保持安全距離，但是身體接觸的時間應儘可能縮短。”

The task force recommends productions “consider measures to minimize scenes with close contact between performers,” such as by changing scripts or using more digital effects. Scenes viewers once took completely for granted may no longer be possible—at least, not how we’re used to seeing them.

工作組建議製片方“考慮採取措施將演員間親密接觸的戲份降到最少”，比如修改劇本或採用更多數字特效。觀衆們過去視爲理所當然的一些場面可能不會再出現，至少不會像我們過去習慣看到的那樣。

取消現場觀衆

The white paper mentions the use of live studio audiences during filming is “discouraged,” but does not outright suggest a ban on them. It says some may be allowed on a case-by-case basis with social distancing, mandatory mask use, symptom screening of audience members upon entry, and physical barriers between the audience and the cast and crew.

白皮書提到，“不鼓勵”拍攝時在攝影棚有現場觀衆，但是沒有直接建議禁止。白皮書稱，允許某些攝製組在個別期節目中有現場觀衆，但必須遵守社交隔離規定，強制佩戴口罩，在入口處對觀衆進行症狀篩查，以及在觀衆和演職人員之間設置物理屏障。

取消紙質劇本

The use of paper should be minimized “whenever possible” and alternatives like electronic scripts “should be explored,” according to the document. If paper scripts are completely unavoidable, the task force recommends they be assigned to specific individuals, clearly labeled, and “not shared between others.”

白皮書指出，應“儘可能”減少用紙，“探索使用”電子劇本等替代品。如果無法完全避免紙質劇本，工作組建議分發給特定的個人，清楚地做好標記，“不要與人分享”。

縮短每日工作時間

In an effort to reduce the risk of transmission and keep cast and crew sane, the task force wants to limit the duration of work days and use fewer consecutive work days.

爲了降低病毒傳播的風險，讓演員和工作人員神志清醒，工作組希望限制每日工作時長，並減少連續工作的天數。

The International Cinematographers Guild released its own set of guidelines, which also stress the importance of shorter work days. “Workplace practices that compromise the health and immune systems of employees and contribute to vulnerability and illness of employees should be eliminated,” the document says. The cinematographers also recommend extending rest periods “to ensure cast and crew remain healthy and receive adequate rest.”

國際電影攝影師協會發布了自己的指導規定，其中也強調了縮短工作時長的重要性。該規定指出：“應該消除那些損害員工健康和免疫系統、導致員工體弱生病的職場行爲。”國際電影攝影師協會還建議延長休息時間，“確保演職人員保持健康，得到充分的休息”。

As a result of shorter work days, film and TV shoots could be forced to run over a longer period of time. A two-week shoot could stretch into a month. A monthlong shoot could stretch to several months. Longer production schedules could also put a strain on actors’ and filmmakers’ availability and studios’ budgets.

縮短工作時長的結果是，電影和電視拍攝將被迫持續更長時間。原先兩星期能拍完的項目可能會耗時一個月。一個月能拍完的可能會延長至數月。更長的拍片計劃還會對演員、導演的檔期和工作室的預算造成壓力。

化妝和造型讓演員自己搞定

New safety guidelines on film sets will likely hardest hit the craftspeople whose jobs require they work closely with actors: costume designers, makeup artists, and hairstylists. The task force acknowledged that some of their work simply “may not be possible while maintaining physical distancing from others.”

新的電影拍攝安全指導規定可能對那些需要和演員近距離工作的手藝人的飯碗打擊最大：服裝設計師、化妝師、髮型師。工作組承認，他們的一部分工作“可能無法在保持安全距離的情況下完成”。

Productions may have to prioritize costumes actors can put on themselves. Complicated period costumes—like a corset, for example—may have to be altered so that performers can wear them without anyone’s assistance.

片方可能會優先選擇演員可以自己穿上的服裝。複雜的年代劇服裝——比如緊身胸衣——可能需要進行改造，讓演員可以不需要別人幫助就自己穿上。

每個片場都有防疫監察官

Every set could soon have its own designated Covid-19 “compliance officer” who works across all departments to ensure guidelines are being followed and “to address issues as they arise.”

每個片場可能很快就會有指定的防疫“監察官”，監察官會在各個部門走動，確保人們遵守指導規定，“並在出現問題時進行處理”。

製片費將會更加高昂

Several Hollywood studio executives told Variety they expect productions to cost a lot more in a post-Covid world than they used to. The additional equipment, new personnel, higher insurance premiums, and increased reliance on visual effects and other technologies as substitutes for in-person filming will all add to the costs of a shoot.

幾家好萊塢製片廠高管告訴《綜藝》雜誌說，他們預期製片費會比疫情前多出一大筆。額外的設備、新增人員、更高的保險費，以及對替代親自拍攝的特效和其他技術的依賴增加，這些都會增加拍攝費用。

The obvious conclusion is that more expensive productions could hurt independent production companies who already struggle to finance film and TV shoots.

顯而易見的結果是，更高昂的製片費會對本就難以維持電影和電視拍攝花銷的獨立製片公司造成打擊。