你應該知道的關於J.K.羅琳的10件事(2)

7.J.K. Rowling Was Awarded an OBE by the Her Royal Highness Queen Elizabeth II for Her Contribution to Children's Literature

7.J.K.羅琳因她對兒童文學的貢獻被英國女王伊莉莎白二世授予大英帝國勳章

In 2001, Rowling received an award called the Order of the British Empire, or OBE, from Prince Charles, the Prince of Wales. The Prince told her that he was a huge fan of the Harry Potter novels, and that he would like to know more about the movie version of “Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone.” A teaser trailer had just been released for the first film.

2001年，羅琳從威爾士親王——查爾斯王子（Prince Charles）處領取到大英帝國勳章。王子告訴她，他是《哈利·波特》系列小說的忠實粉絲，他也非常想要知道電影版《哈利·波特與魔法石》的更多內幕。當時，這部電影的預告片纔剛剛新鮮出爐。

An OBE is one of the most popular honors given out by the British monarchy. There are currently five classes of the order stemming from knighthood down to an ordinary member of the British Empire. These honors are given out twice a year by the Queen as a way of marking civilian achievement. Rowling received what is called a “post-nominal” meaning, and she can sign her name as Joanne Rowling, OBE.

大英帝國勳章是在英國這個君主立憲制國家中最受歡迎的榮譽之一。目前有五個等級，從爵位到英國的普通民衆。每年，女王會分兩次頒發這些榮譽勳章，以獎勵老百姓的成就。女王同意羅琳在勳銜上面簽上她的本名——喬安妮·羅琳（Joanne Rowling）。

Several prominent authors have turn down the honor from the queen. CS Lewis, Roald Dahl and Aldous Huxley have all declined the award of the Order of the British Empire. J.G. Ballard turned down his nomination for a CBE from the Queen with a statement deploring those of a left wing persuasion who would accept and honor and kneel down in front of the Queen. Other figures who have turned down great honors from the palace include T.E. Lawrence (popularly known as Lawrence of Arabia), David Bowie, John Cleese (performer, known best for Monty Python), Francis Crick (who helped to discover DNA), and Nigella Lawson (chef and TV personality).

有幾個著名的作家拒絕了女王授予的榮譽。路易斯（s）、羅爾德·達爾（Roald Dahl）和奧爾德斯·赫胥黎（Aldous Huxley），他們都拒絕了這個大英帝國授予的榮譽。巴拉德（J.G. Ballard）拒絕了女王授予的英帝國二等勳位爵士提名，併發出聲明譴責左翼的說辭。因爲左翼要求接受這一榮譽的人要在女王面前下跪。其他一些拒絕過這個由皇室賜予的、無上的榮譽的人還包括T.E勞倫斯（T.E. Lawrence）（人稱“阿拉伯的勞倫斯”）、大衛· 鮑伊（David Bowie）、約翰·克里斯（John Cleese）（演員，著名代表作有《巨蟒劇團》）、弗朗西斯·克里克（Francis Crick）（他促進了發現DNA的進程）和奈潔拉·勞森（Nigella Lawson）（主廚，也是電視節目主持人）。

6.J.K. Rowling Is a Former Billionaire

6.J.K.羅琳是億萬富翁

J.K. Rowling was a billionaire until 2012 when a combination of charitable giving and high taxes removed her from the list. Rowling has invested and donated her money to a wide variety of both personal and global causes. In October 2013, the Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic at the University of Edinburgh opened with a 10 million pound donation from J.K. Rowling, whose mother suffered from a neurodegenerative disease and died at age 45. Rowling also started a charity, which she called Lumos, a reference to her famous novels. Lumos works to prevent the systematic institutionalization of children through Europe and tries to find them caring homes. She donated all of the auction proceeds, $1.95 million, of a special edition of her book “The Tales of Beetle the Bard” to Lumos, and the following year, the book was published widely with part of the proceeds also benefiting Lumos. She also has a charitable trust called Volant which works to fight social deprivation with a focus on women and children.

J.K.羅琳曾是一位億萬富翁。直到2012年，她加入了慈善捐贈機構，高額的稅收讓她跌出富豪榜上。J.K.羅琳把她的錢投資、捐贈在各種各樣的事業上。這些事業不僅包括私人範疇的，而且還有世界範圍的。2013年11月，“安妮羅琳再生神經學診所”在愛丁堡大學開業。羅琳爲這個診所捐贈了一千萬英鎊，因爲她的母親曾患有神經組織退化的疾病（譯註：多發性硬化症），並在45歲那年去世。除此之外，羅琳創建了一個名爲“熒光閃爍（Lumos）”的慈善機構（譯註：lumos solem爲《哈利·波特》中赫敏的咒語），Lumos一詞源自她的著名小說《哈利·波特》。熒光閃爍機構致力於改革歐洲領養孩子的慣有制度，嘗試給孩子們尋找一個關心他們的家。羅琳把 《詩翁彼豆故事集》專刊拍賣所得的195萬美元捐給了熒光閃爍組織。第二年，《詩翁彼豆故事集》被大量印刷出版，而其中一部分收入也捐給了“熒光閃爍”。羅琳還有一個名爲Volant的公益信託基金，主要是爲了幫助婦女兒童，與他們一起並肩作戰，一起反抗社會對他們權益的剝奪。

Rowling is also involved with many other philanthropic missions regarding supporting single parents and helping to relieve social deprivation. She is also active with Doctors without Borders, Maggie's Centres for Cancer Care, Amnesty International, for whom she worked before she became an author, MS Society Scotland and Comic Relief. In 2011 alone, she gave away about 16 percent of her net worth, or near $160 million dollars. When asked about her money, Rowling says that the ultimate luxury is that she will never again have to worry about providing food for her children, remembering the petty humiliations and hardship of her recent past.

羅琳也參與了許多其他支持單親父母和幫助減少社會剝奪的慈善代表團。此外，她還活躍在許多領域，如：無國界醫生組織、瑪吉癌症護理中心、蘇格蘭多發性硬化症協會、漫畫救濟以及在她成爲作家之前曾工作過的國際特赦組織。僅2011年這一年，她就捐贈了她資產淨值的百分之六十，約一億六千萬美元。當她談到她的財產時，她說，她的終極目標就是她以後再也不用擔心孩子們沒有東西吃，而她一直記得過去因貧窮所受的侮辱和苦難。

5.J.K. Rowling Dreamed up the Idea for Harry Potter on a Train

5.J.K.羅琳在火車上創造了“哈利·波特”

J.K. Rowling first had her idea for Harry Potter while on a delayed train service from Manchester to London in 1990. On this fateful journey, she was traveling back to London on a crowded car, and she describes the idea as simply falling into her head. She remembers being the most excited she had ever been, and then realizing that she did not have a pen to write down her ideas. She was too shy to ask to borrow a pen from any of the people on the crowded coach, and so she was forced to retreat to her imagination. This particular train took four long hours, instead of the usual two hours, and Rowling sat and day dreamed about the boy she would call Harry. In her memoirs, she wonders how much of her wild idea slipped away because she was unable to write, but mostly she believes that those four hours were some of the best ideas for the books because she was able to dream and imagine without interruption. As soon as she arrived home in London, she began to write a story about a boy with black hair and spectacles.

在由曼徹斯特駛往倫敦的一輛晚點的火車上，J.K.羅琳第一次迸發了關於《哈利·波特》這本書的想法和靈感。在這一趟具有決定性意義的旅程中，她坐着擁擠的列車返回倫敦。忽然，一個想法掠過她的腦海。在她的記憶中，那是她從未有過的激動。而後她才意識到，她手邊沒有筆，無法寫下這些想法。 而在這擁擠的車廂裏，她又不好意思開口向其他人借筆。所以，她不得不壓制住那些即將噴涌而出的靈感。這輛火車開了足足四個小時，而通常情況下只需兩個小時就夠了。羅琳一直坐在那裏幻想着那個叫哈利的男孩。她在回憶錄中寫道，她想知道，當時到底有多少個絕妙的想法因爲無法寫下來而從她腦海中稍縱即逝。但她相信，在那四個小時裏所構思的想法，一定是書中最棒的內容，因爲她一直在暢想，沒有任何停頓。當她一抵達倫敦的家，她就馬上開始着手寫下這個有着黑頭髮，戴着眼鏡的男孩的故事。

Little did she know, this boy would someday become one of the most famous boys in the world.

她萬萬沒想到，這個男孩有朝一日會變成世界上最有名的男孩之一。

ing Has Always Written under a Pen Name

4.羅琳常常用筆名寫作

In fact, J.K. Rowling is not her real name. She was born Joanne Rowling, but adopted the 'K', her grandmother's initial, at the advice of her publisher to help keep the book anonymous because they did not believe that a fantasy book about wizards would be accepted when written by a woman. Indeed, her first ever piece of fan mail was addressed to her as “Dear Sir.”She continues writing under pen names, and most recently she tried to publish her novel “The Cuckoo's Calling” under the name Robert Galbraith. Almost immediately, the Internet cried out and knew that Robert Galbraith had to be Joanne Rowling. Rowling has written one other book under this pen name titled “The Silk Worm.” She chose this name by combining the name of her political hero, Robert F Kennedy and her childhood fantasy name, Ella Galbraith. Writing under this name was another attempt to make her work sound as though it was written by a man, and even the editor of the book believed that Robert Galbraith was man before the true author was revealed. This time, Rowling wanted to take her writing persona away from being J.K. Rowling, the creator of Harry Potter. Rowling was revealed to the press by a friend of one her lawyers, but not before Robert Galbraith sold 8,500 copies of the books and received two offers from television production companies. Rowling notes that Galbraith's initial success, before being outed, was similar to her own at the very beginning of her career. But, sales were not what mattered to Rowling, and as she said after her identity was revealed, if all she wanted to do was sell books she would have used her own name from the start.

事實上，J.K.羅琳並不是她的真名。她出生的時候叫喬安妮·羅琳。字母“K”,取自她祖母名字的首字母，在她的出版商的建議之下，她選擇如此匿名。出版商們認爲，人們不會相信這樣一本充滿幻想的書是一個女人寫的。事實上，她的第一封粉絲郵件，信件開頭稱呼她爲“親愛的先生”。她一直堅持用筆名進行創作。前段時間，她也曾想以羅伯特·加爾佈雷斯的名義出版她的最新小說——《布穀鳥的呼喚》。不多時，網上便傳出“羅伯特·加爾佈雷斯就是喬安妮·羅琳”的新聞。之後，羅琳又以此名義出版了另一本書，《蠶》。羅伯特·加爾佈雷斯這個名字是她心目中的政治英雄羅伯特·F·肯尼迪和她童年時期幻想出的一個名字—艾拉加爾佈雷斯的結合體。她使用這個名字另一個意圖在於，這能使她的作品聽起來像是一個男人寫的。甚至在真相披露之前，連這本書的編輯都認爲羅伯特·加爾佈雷斯是個男人。在這本書裏，羅琳想拋開J.K.羅琳的光環。因爲誰都知道，她是“哈利·波特”這一形象的創造者。筆名一事是被羅琳一位律師的朋友給泄露出去的。但在此之前，“羅伯特·加爾佈雷斯”賣出了8500本書，收到了兩個電視製作公司的邀約。羅琳說,“加爾佈雷斯”的初步成功，讓她覺得她的職業生涯彷彿剛剛開始。但是，在她的身份被揭露後，她說銷量對她來說並沒有什麼重要的。如果她想提高銷量的話，她從一開始就會用她自己的名字。

校對:落花生 編輯:旭旭