教皇方濟各將呼籲減少碳排放

Pope Francis will call for a “drastic reduction” in carbon emissions and lash out against “economic powers” that are opposing efforts to combat climate change, according to an early draft of his forthcoming encyclical on the environment.

教皇方濟各(Pope Francis)即將發表的一則關於環境的通諭初稿顯示，他將呼籲“大幅減少”碳排放，並抨擊那些抵制抗擊氣候變化努力的“經濟大國”。

The Vatican was due to publish the document — which counts as the highest form of papal teaching in the Catholic Church — on Thursday, but Italian magazine L’Espresso released a 192-page version on Monday.

梵蒂岡計劃於週四發佈這則通諭，但意大利雜誌L’Espresso週一發佈了一份192頁的初稿文本。通諭是天主教會最高形式的教廷文書。

Although Vatican officials warned that the text was not final, it nonetheless offered a clear and detailed picture of the 78-year-old Argentine pontiff’s message on the environment, which could emerge as the most enduring legacy of his tenure at the helm of the 1.2bn-strong Catholic Church.

雖然梵蒂岡的官員警告說，這一文本並非最終版本，但它已清晰、詳細地展現了這位78歲高齡的阿根廷籍教皇在環境問題上的立場，可能成爲他執掌擁有逾12億信徒的天主教會任期內留下的最永恆遺產。

In the encyclical, which is timed to bolster the push for a global deal to cut carbon emissions in Paris at the end of 2015, Pope Francis writes that global warming has been caused “mainly by human activity”, even though other factors, such as changes in orbits and the eruption of volcanoes may have played a role.

這則通諭是爲支持2015年底在巴黎達成一項全球削減碳排放協議的努力而發佈。教皇方濟各寫道，全球變暖“主要是由人類活動”引起的，儘管地球運行軌道變化及火山爆發等其他因素可能也產生了影響。

He laments that so far efforts to forge solutions to the “environmental crisis” have been stymied by “the refusal of the powerful, [and] the disinterest of the others”.

他痛惜道，到目前爲止，爲解決“環境危機”的努力由於“大國的拒絕（以及）其他國家的漠不關心”而受到阻礙。

“The attitudes that are blocking solutions — even among believers — range from denial to indifference to comfortable resignation or blind faith in technology,” he says.

他說，“阻礙達成解決方案的態度（甚至在信徒中）包括拒絕、漠不關心、安逸地忍受或者盲目相信科技。”

“Many of those who hold more resources and economic or political power seem to focus mainly on disguising problems and hiding their symptoms, and are merely trying to mitigate the negative impacts of climate change,” Pope Francis writes, adding that “speculation” and the “search for a quick profit” tend to ignore environmental impacts.

教皇方濟各寫道，“許多擁有更多資源、經濟或政治權力的人似乎主要把精力用在掩飾和隱瞞問題，只是在試着緩和氣候變化的負面影響，”並補充說，“投機”和“對快速獲利的追逐”往往忽視環境影響。

“The submission of politics to technology and finance is proven by the failure of global summits on the environment,” he said.

“政治對科技和金融的屈從已從全球環境峯會的失敗得到了證明，”他說。

But Pope Francis is also calling on ordinary people — and not just Christians — to take action in their everyday lives. “Humanity must be conscious of the need to change its way of living, producing, and consuming,” he writes.

但教皇方濟各也呼籲普通民衆（不僅是基督教徒）在日常生活中採取行動。“人類必須意識到改變自己生活、生產和消費方式的必要性，”他寫道。

Climate change sceptics, particularly in the US, have taken aim at Pope Francis, who is due to address the UN and the US Congress on sustainable development in September.

教皇方濟各將於9月就可持續發展問題在聯合國和美國國會發表演講。氣候變化懷疑論者已將矛頭指向教皇方濟各，特別是在美國。

US Republican presidential candidate Rick Santorum, a Catholic and climate change sceptic, has said the Church would be “better off leaving science to the scientists”.

美國共和黨總統候選人裏克•桑托勒姆(Rick Santorum)是一名天主教徒，也是一位氣候變化懷疑論者。他說，教會“最好將科學留給科學家處理”。