壯麗70年：人均壽命增長，人口素質提升

新中國成立70年來，我國人口總量平穩增長，人口素質顯著提升，爲經濟社會持續健康發展注入了強大活力，爲中國經濟騰飛提供了寶貴的人力資源。

In the past 70 years, China's total population has increased to nearly 1.4 billion in 2018 from 540 million in 1949, bracing for remarkable demographic shifts toward a healthier and more educated population.
新中國成立70年來，我國人口發展經歷了巨大變遷，總人口由1949年的5.4億人發展到2018年的近14億人，國民健康水平和受教育水平提升。

人均預期壽命增長一倍

Suffering from a scarcity of food and underdeveloped healthcare, the average life expectancy of Chinese people was merely 35 years in 1949.
新中國成立之初，由於食物短缺，醫療衛生水平低下，國人平均預期壽命僅爲35歲。

However, with full basic medical coverage and significant breakthroughs in the treatment of critical illnesses achieved, the life span of Chinese people has more than doubled to 77 years in 2018.
然而，隨着基本醫療全覆蓋以及大病治療方面取得的重大突破，2018年，我國人均預期壽命達到77歲，較1949年翻了一倍多。

Meanwhile, the infant mortality rate, another important marker of the overall health of a country, also witnessed a stark contrast from 200 deaths per thousand live births since the founding of New China to 6.1 deaths per thousand live births in 2018.
與此同時，另一個衡量國民健康水平的指標——嬰兒死亡率從新中國成立之初的200‰下降到2018年的6.1‰。

Over the last few decades, China's continuous efforts to cure infectious diseases have paid off. Smallpox has been eliminated, and endemic diseases, such as iodine deficiency disorders, have been effectively controlled or eliminated.
過去幾十年，我國在傳染病防控方面的持續努力取得了顯著成果，完全消滅了天花，基本控制或消滅了碘缺乏疾病等地方病。

With minor illnesses no longer an issue, leading a healthy life has increasingly become the norm of Chinese people. The Chinese government has issued a Healthy China initiative to promote people's health.
小病不再是問題，健康生活日益成爲國民的常態。爲了提高國民健康，我國政府發起“健康中國”行動。

Boosted by the nationwide sports vibe, the amount of active monthly users in China's fitness sports industry rose 1.7 percent year on year to 64.22 million by the end of May 2019, an industrial report showed.
一份行業報告顯示，受全民運動熱潮的影響，截至2019年5月底，我國體育健身產業的月活躍用戶量達到6422萬人，同比增長1.7%。

從“人口紅利”到“人才紅利”

After going through a rapid growth period from 1949 to 1970, China's population has been steadily expanding at a slower pace, settling at a rate of about 0.5 percent since 1991.
1949年到1970年間，我國人口經歷了高速增長階段，1991年以來，我國人口增長率穩步下降，最終在0．5％左右的增速上保持平穩。

Even though the world's most populous country has seen a downward trend in the number of working-age people in recent years, its gross workforce remained at about 900 million in 2018.
作爲世界第一人口大國，雖然近年來我國勞動力數量也出現了下滑趨勢，但2018年我國勞動年齡人口總量仍保持在9億人左右。

Talent dividends brought about by improved education levels, which have replaced demographic dividends as the engine boosting economic growth, are beginning to emerge as a solid base for economic development.
教育水平提升帶來的人才紅利已經取代人口紅利成爲拉動經濟增長的引擎，並逐漸成爲推動經濟發展的重要基礎。

Over the past 70 years, the education level of Chinese people has achieved quantitative leaps from an 80-percent illiteracy rate and less than 20 percent of the primary school enrollment to having nearly one in three people with a high school diploma or above.
70年來，國民受教育水平實現量的飛躍。70年前，我國文盲率達到80%，小學入學率不足20%，如今，幾乎每三人中就有一人擁有高中以上學歷。

The average schooling years of working-age people rose to 10.63 years in 2018 from just over eight years in 1982.
勞動年齡人口的平均受教育年限由1982年的剛剛超過8年提高到2018年的10.63年。

With a more educated population, China's vast workforce will continue to offer strong support for the country's high-quality development.
隨着國民受教育程度的提升，龐大的勞動力總量將繼續爲我國經濟高質量發展提供強大支持。