共產主義風投 政府驅動的中國創業潮(中)

Along with the government funds, venture capital money is flooding the country.

隨着政府加大投入，風險投資的資金也在大批涌入這個國家。

About $49 billion in deals were made last year, making China second only to the United States, according to the accounting firm Ernst & Young.

據會計事務所安永(Ernst & Young)統計，去年中國達成了價值約490億美元的投資交易，僅次於美國。

Some economists and entrepreneurs are concerned that the government is helping fuel a frenzy that might ultimately result in failed businesses, wasted resources and financial losses.

一些經濟學家和創業者擔心政府是在助推一種可能最終會導致企業倒閉、資源浪費和財務損失的瘋狂行爲。

Just one city, Suzhou, near Shanghai, has announced it will open 300 incubators by 2020 to house 30,000 start-ups.

單單蘇州一個城市就宣佈，至2020年該市將設立300個孵化器，容納3萬家創業公司。

Beijing’s policy makers have a long history of giving favored companies easy access to loans and subsidies to propel certain industries, with both good and bad consequences.

長久以來，北京的決策者習慣於爲自己青睞的企業提供低門檻的貸款和補貼，以推動某些行業的發展。

Though that tactic lubricated the nation’s industrialization, it also contributed to the excess that has buried the country in empty apartment blocks, mothballed cement plants and sputtering steel mills — all of which threaten the economy’s stability.

這種措施既有好的一面，也曾帶來不好的結果。這一策略儘管使中國的工業化得以順利進行，但也導致行業過剩，使大量公寓空置，水泥廠關閉，鋼鐵廠難以爲繼——所有這些都危及了中國經濟的穩定。

I think the subsidies shouldn’t be a long-term policy, Jin Xiangrong, an economist at Zhejiang University in Hangzhou, said of the start-up support programs.

我覺得補助的這個政策並不應該作爲一種長期的政策執行，位於杭州的浙江大學的經濟學家金祥榮在談及支持創業的項目時表示。

They can lead to overcapacity like the kind we see now in China’s manufacturing sector, which is largely a result of government support.

這樣的政策有可能導致產能過剩。我們已經在製造業看到了這樣的情況，很大程度上是由政府的支持導致的。

Hangzhou city officials turned down requests for interviews.

杭州市政府官員拒絕了時報的採訪請求。

At Dream Town, Mr. Li, 39, frets more about his own business.

在夢想小鎮，39歲的李立恆更多地在爲自己的企業焦心。

He got the initial idea for Chemayi in 2009 after a car accident.

2009年經歷了一場交通事故之後，他產生了創立車螞蟻的想法。

To find a trustworthy mechanic, he searched online, asked friends for advice and visited repair shops.

爲了找到值得信賴的技工，他曾在網上搜尋，向朋友諮詢，也去了不少汽車維修店。

But Mr. Li found it difficult to judge who was reliable.

但李立恆覺得很難判斷哪一家比較可靠。

A car culture — and all the services that come with it — is relatively new in China.

在中國，汽車文化以及隨之而來的一切服務都相對較新。

Aiming to fill the information void, he and three friends set up Chemayi in 2013 with 5 million renminbi (currently $750,000) of their own money.

抱着填補這個信息空白的想法，他和三個朋友在2013年自己出資500萬元，成立了車螞蟻。

For an annual fee, Chemayi sends out staff members to help fix flat tires, paint scratches or repair broken-down engines.

用戶交納一筆年費後，車螞蟻會派工作人員幫忙補胎、給刮痕噴漆或修理故障發動機。

Henry Ford is gone for so many years, but we are still driving his cars, Mr. Li said.

亨利•福特已經過世這麼多年了，我們還是在開着他的車，李立恆說。

I felt that I also must pursue a cause that will persist after I’m gone.

我離開這個世界後，我也希望我追求的目標是能夠持久的。

Chemayi beat out more than two dozen other start-ups for a coveted space in Dream Town in a 2014 competition.

在2014年的一場競爭中，車螞蟻擊退其他二十多家創業公司，在夢想小鎮獲得了夢寐以求的一席之地。

Another co-founder, Ouyang Feng, delivered a 40-minute presentation to a panel of judges who peppered him with questions about Chemayi’s business model and future prospects.

另一位聯合創始人歐陽鋒向評委小組做了40分鐘的陳述，評委們不斷就車螞蟻的商業模式和未來的前景向他發問。

The provincial governor watched over the grilling.

浙江省長親自過問了審覈過程。

In the end, the committee awarded Chemayi a three-foot golden key that symbolically opened the doors to Dream Town.

最後，評委會給了車螞蟻一把約90釐米長的金鑰匙，象徵着他們打開了通往夢想小鎮的大門。

Chemayi now has 284 employees in four cities, with plans to reach 1,000 by the end of the year.

車螞蟻目前在四個城市有284名員工，並計劃到年底時達到1000人的規模。

Mr. Li said his company had raised $22 million in private money and turned a profit of about 10 million renminbi last year.

李立恆稱，公司籌集到了2200萬美元的私人資金，去年盈利約1000萬元人民幣。

A lot of Chinese people want to be successful. They want to initiate change through innovation, Mr. Li said in his spacious corner office, while fussing with a traditional Chinese wooden tea-making set.

很多中國人都希望成功，並且他們希望通過創新來改變一些東西，在位於房屋一角的寬敞辦公室裏，李立恆一邊擺弄一套中國傳統木製茶具一邊說。

That is a formidable power.

這是股很大的力量。

Hangzhou is a natural center for China’s start-up fever.

杭州成爲中國創業熱潮的中心是很自然的。

After China embraced capitalist reform in the 1980s, Zhejiang province, of which Hangzhou is the capital, emerged as a leading base for the export industries that fueled the country’s rapid growth.

中國80年代開始進行資本主義改革時，以杭州爲省會的浙江省成爲出口工業的頭號基地。出口工業推動了中國的快速增長。

Factories pumped out products like socks and plastic Christmas trees.

工廠大量生產襪子和塑料聖誕樹等產品。

Now that zeal for commerce is being channeled into technology start-ups.

現在，這種貿易熱情正在被引向科技初創企業。