英語中不規則的動詞表達

動詞不規則變化是英語學習中非常基礎的知識內容，也是非常重要的內容。它涉及的的語法點包括時態、語態、非謂語動詞等，是我們寫對英語句子的根基。如果你還不太瞭解的話，如果你也感興趣的話，今天就跟着我們一起來看看吧!

英語中有許多不規則動詞，它們不能簡單通過加ed來獲得過去式。

★記憶法一：常見93個不規則動詞的變化規律歸納如下：

一、A—A—A型，即原形、過去式和過去分詞三者都相同。(共9個)

cost—cost—cost

cut—cut—cut

hit—hit—hit hurt—hurt—hurt

let—let— let

put—put—put

read—read—read

set—set—set

shut—shut—shut

二、A—B—B型，即過去式、過去分詞相同。(共41個)

1 過去式和過去分詞都含有 -ought。(3個)

bring—brought—brought

buy— bought—bought

think—thought—thought

2 詞尾有-ild，-end時，只需把d變爲t。(4個)

build—built—built

lend—lent—lent

send—sent—sent

spend—spent—spent

3 過去式、過去分詞都含有-aught。(2個)

catch—caught—caught

teach—taught—taught

4 把-eep變爲-ept。(3個)

keep—kept—kept

sleep—slept—slept

sweep— swept—swept

5 把-ell變爲-old。(2個)

tell—told—told

sell—sold—sold

6 過去式、過去分詞都含有-elt或-ilt。(4個)

smell—smelt—smelt

spell—spelt—spelt

feel—felt— felt

spill—spilt—spilt

7 過去式、過去分詞都在原形詞尾加t。(3個)

learn—learnt—learnt

mean—meant—meant

spoil—spoilt—spoilt

8 過去式、過去分詞詞尾是d。(4個)

say—said—said

pay—paid—paid

lay—laid—laid

hear—heard—heard

9 改變元音字母。(11個)

meet—met—met

get—got—got

sit—sat—sat

find— found—found

hold—held—held

spit—spat—spat

shine— shone—shone

win—won—won

hang—hung—hung

dig— dug—dug

lose—lost—lost

10 改變輔音字母。(1個)

make—made—made

11 改變元、輔音字母。(4個)

leave—left—left

stand—stood—stood

have(has)— had—had

understand—understood—understood

三、A—B—C型，即原形、過去式、過去分詞都不相同。(共35個)

1 i—a—u變化。(6個)

begin—began—begun

drink—drank—drunk

sing—sang—sung

ring—rang—rung

swim—swam—swum

sink—sank—sunk

2 詞尾爲-ow，-aw時，過去式將其變爲-ew，過去分詞在其原形後加n。(5個)

blow—blew—blown

draw—drew—drawn

grow— grew—grown

know—knew—known

throw—threw—thrown(show除外)

3 詞尾爲“i+輔(1個)+e”，過去式將i變爲o，過去分詞多在原形後加n，若那個輔音字母爲d或t，須雙寫d或t後加n。(4個)(give，hide除外)

drive—drove—driven

write—wrote—written

ride—rode—ridden

rise—rose—risen

4 過去分詞在過去式後加(e)n。(5個)

break—broke—broken

choose—chose—chosen

freeze—froze—frozen

speak—spoke—spoken

wake—woke—woken

5 過去分詞由過去式加-ten構成。(1個)

forget—forgot—forgotten

6 過去分詞由原形加(e)n構成。(6個)

be—was(were)—been

eat—ate—eaten

fall—fell—fallen

give—gave—given

see—saw—seen

hide—hid—hidden(hid)

7 詞尾爲-ake時，過去式將其變爲-ook，過去分詞在原形詞後加-n。(2個)

take—took—taken

mistake—mistook—mistaken

8 原形、過去式和過去分詞都不相同。(6個)

do—did—done

fly—flew—flown

go—went—gone

lie—lay—lain

show—showed—shown

wear—wore—worn

四、A—A—B型，即過去式和原形相同。(1個)

beat—beat—beaten

五、A—B—A型，即過去分詞和原形相同。(3個)

come—came—come

become—became—become

run—ran—run

六、情態動詞型，只有原形和過去式，沒有過去分詞。(4個)

can—could

may—might

will—would

shall—should

★記憶法二：它們不是雜亂無章的，可根據其中的一些內部規律來記憶。

一、 原形、過去式、過去分詞相同：

cost/cut/hit/hurt/let/put/read/shut

(細心的你一定會發現，這些詞中大多數是以字母t結尾的。)

二、 原形、過去式相同，過去分詞不同：

beat/beat/beaten

三、 原形、過去分詞相同，過去式不同：

come/came/come;become/became/become;run/ran/run

(come，become，屬不規則變化，但welcome屬規則動詞，其過去式、過去分詞爲：welcomed，welcomed)

四、 過去式，過去分詞相同：

(1) 去掉字母組合ee中的一個e

meet/met/met;feed/fed/fed

(2) 去掉字母組合ee中的一個e,然後再在詞尾加t

feel/felt/felt;sleep/slept/slept

keep/kept/kept;sweep/swept/swept

(3) 詞尾爲的ll，去掉一個l加t;

spell/spelt/spelt;smell/smelt/smelt;spill/spilt/spilt

(4) 過去式和過去分詞以aught或ought結尾

catch/caught/caught;teach/taught/taught bring/brought/brought

buy/bought/bought;think/thought/thought

(5) 將stand改爲stood

stand/stood/stood;understand/understood/understood

(6) 將ay改爲aid

lay/laid/laid;pay/paid/paid;say/said/said

(7) 將d改爲t

lend/lent/lent;send/sent/sent

spend/spent/spent;build/built/built

(8) 將i改爲a , o, u等

sit/sat/sat;spit/spat/spat

dig/dug/dug;win/won/won

(9) 將ell改爲old

tell/told/told;sell/sold/sold

(10) 詞尾加t

learn/learnt/learnt;mean/meant/meant

dream/dreamt/dreamt;spoil/spoilt/spoilt

(11) 有兩種過去式和過去分詞, 一種是不規則的, 一種是規則的：

learn/learnt/learnt;learn/learned/learned

shine/shone/shone;shine/shined/shined

hang/hung/hung;hang/hanged/hanged

smell/smelt/smelt;smell/smelled/smelled

burn/burnt/burnt;burn/burned/burned

light/lii/lit;light/lighted/lighted

(12) 其它

have(has)/had/had;hear/heard/heard

shoot/shot/shot;lose/lost/lost

hold/held/held;get/got/got(AmE gotten)

find/found/found;make/made/made

leave/left/left

五、三者均不同：

(1) 過去式以ew結尾、過去分詞以own結尾

blow/blew/blown;fly/flew/flown

grow/grew/grown;know/knew/known

throw/threw/thrown

值得注意的是:

show/showed/shown或showed;draw/drew/drawn

(2)改i爲a變成過去式、改i爲u變成過去分詞

begin/began/begun;drink/drank/drunk

ring/rang/rung;sing/sang/sung

swim/swam/swum;sink/sank/sunk

(3)改i爲o變成過去式，過去分詞以n結尾

drive/drove/driven;write/wrote/written

rise/rose/risen;ride/rode/ridden

(4) 原形後加n變成過去分詞

drive/drove/driven;rise/rose/risen;eat/ate/eaten

give/gave/given;fall/fell/fallen

(5) 過去式後加n變成過去分詞

break/broke/broken;choose/chose/chosen

freeze/froze/frozen;mistake/mistook/mistaken

steal/stole/stolen;speak/spoke/spoken

take/took/taken;wake/woke/woken(或woke)

(6)其它

be/was或were/been;do/did/done;forget/forgot/forgotten

go/went/gone;hide/hid/hidden;see/saw/seen; wear/wore/worn

六、 有兩種過去式和過去分詞，但詞義相同。

wake/woke/woken(或woke);wake/waked/waked

sink/sank/sunk;sink/sunk/sunken

七、動詞因其過去式、過去分詞有兩種形式而產生不同詞義：

shine、hang的兩種過去式和過去分詞：

shone/shone照耀;shined/shined擦亮

hung/hung懸掛;hanged/hanged絞死

八、兩個既可以做過去式，又可以做動詞原形的詞

lie 躺臥 lay/lain/lying(現在分詞)

lay 放，下蛋 laid/laid/laying

find 找到、發現 find/found/found

found 創建，成立 found/founded/founded

九、根據動詞之間的詞義聯繫來記憶

(一)詞義相對：

(1) come/came/come來—— go/went/gone去

(2) give/gave/given給——get/got/got(AmE gotten)獲得

(3) sleep/slept/slept睡覺—wake/woke/woken (或woke)

或wake/waked/waked 醒來

(4) rise/rose/risen上升、上漲、升起——fall/fell/fallen下降、落下、倒下

sink/sank/sunk;sink/sunk/sunken 沉下, (使)下沉

(5) buy/bought/bought買—— sell/sold/sold出售, 賣

(6) take/took/taken帶去——bring/brought/brought 帶來

(7) teach/taught/taught教——learn/learnt/learnt

或learn/learned/learned學習、學會

(8) lose/lost/lost丟失、失敗——find/found/found找到

win/won/won贏得、(獲)勝

(9) stand/stood/stood站、立——sit/sat/sat坐

(10) send/sent/sent 送、寄、發送——get/got/got獲得、收到

(二)詞義相近：

(1) beat/beat/beaten 打, 打敗;win/won/won贏得、獲勝

(2) understand/understood/understood 懂, 瞭解

know/knew/known 知道, 瞭解, 認識

(3) get/got/got(AmE gotten)變成、成爲、變得

become/became/become 變成, 成爲, 變得

go/went/gone變成turn/turned/turned變成

(4) spend/spent/spent 花費、度過

pay/paid/paid 支付、交納

cost/cost/cost花費、價值爲

take/took/taken花費

(5) say/said/said說、講

speak/spoke/spoken說、演講

tell/told/told 告訴、說、吩咐、斷定

talk/talked/talked談話, 講, 談論, 議論

★記憶法三：

1.無變化，過去式與原形相同。

let→let, put→put, hit→hit, must→must, set→set, beat→beat, cast→cast, cost→cost, cut→cut, hurt→hurt, read→red, shut→shut

(shed→shed split→split spread→spread burst→burst)

2.元音字母的變化。

i→a: begin→began, drink→drank, ring→rang, sing→sang, swim→swam, give→gave, sit→sat, sink→sank

i→o: drive→drove, ride→rode, shine→shone, write→wrote, rise→rose, win→won,

(strive→strove arise→arose)

i→ou: find→found (wind→wound, bind→bound, grind→ground)

a→oo: take→took, shake→shook

e→o: get→got, forget→forgot

o→a: come→came, become→became

oo→o: shoot→shot, choose→chose

3.元音字母組合的變化。

aw/ow/y→ew:draw→drew, blow→blew, grow→grew, know→knew, throw→threw, fly→flew

4.元音字母和輔音字母都有變化。

(1) sell→sold, tell→told, retell→retold

(2) say→said, pay→paid, lay→laid, relay→relaid

(3) sweep→swept, keep→kept, sleep→slept, creep→crept

(4) bring→brought, buy→bought, think→thought, fight→fought

(5) catch→caught, teach→taught

(6) can→could, will→would, shall→should

5.輔音字母變化。

(1)build→built, send→sent, bend→bent, lend→lent, rend→rent, spend→spent

(2)make→made, have→had, hear→heard

(3)mean→meant, learn→learnt

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