英語寫作：雙邊列舉法的正確運用

在雅思大作文的題型中，有一種特殊的題型，題目的最後一句是“Discuss both views and give your own opinion”這種題型被稱爲“D&G”題型，這種題型讓考生去寫雙邊並且給出自己的觀點。

但是，大部分中國學生的問題在於觀點太過中庸，無傾向性，如“both views have their significance”“the purpose is good however it is hard to come true”等等，也就是在Introduction的最後一句沒有表現出鮮明的立場，其實這是不對的。

其次，雙邊列舉法是考生最穩的得分形式，爲什麼這麼說呢?因爲毋庸置疑雙邊一定比單邊好寫，好寫的原因一是觀點一正一反比較好想，二是一正一反能寫的話比較多。採用列舉式的寫法旨在提高文章的邏輯性和條理性，簡單明瞭地讓考官明白每個觀點有幾個小點，分別是什麼，讓考官快速地明白筆者的想法和邏輯思維的走向。

連接詞可採用最簡單的first, second, third, finally等，也可以使用in addition, Moreover, alternative等，總之表現出觀點的羅列即可。

“雙邊列舉式”就不得不提conclusion，這一段可以說是寫作功底的展示，短短的兩三句話需要總結整篇文章的觀點，所以需要考察學生的同義詞轉換能力或者名詞的概括能力，比如，觀點“這個東西好”的兩個支撐點是“漂亮”和“實用”那可以用一句due to its external and practicability總結，這裏考察的就是名詞external和practicability的使用。

當然，凡事無絕對，怎麼寫都不會錯，只是說這樣的表達方式更爲妥帖。

念念不忘，必有迴響

The issue regarding whether making money is the most important goal of businesses is controversial. There are a large number of people who support that businesses should also undertake social responsibilities. Personally, taking social responsibilities is capable of bringing two main benefits despite some existing drawbacks.

There is no denying that social responsibility can enhance the reputation and profitability. First, information spread is getting fast since rapid development of information media, which implies that any contribution from enterprises could be easily recognized by public. Thus, this would drive people to form a positive impression to these enterprises, thereby increasing their sales volume. Second, most socially responsible investments are government-supported. Empirically, businesses in purpose of enhancing social welfare, such as infrastructure construction and philanthropy, can gain government financing. Because it can alleviate the burden of government, so that to solve the problems about insufficient fund as well as promote the corporate image.

In addition, the fact that undertaking social responsibilities needs high costs may be the most typical reason unaccepted by business men. As known, profitability is the key index of enterprises based on adequate normal profits. Hence, overemphasized social responsibilities might cause companies’ inability to survive. Moreover, this requirement may be considered as unfair treatment to small companies. In contrast to large companies, most small entities are self-sustaining and rely on profits to further develop. Nevertheless, large companies with abundant capitals enable to invest some of funds on public utilities even if unprofitable, as they can treat these funds as advertising fees for corporate image and goodwill.

In conclusion, undertaking social responsibilities is beneficial to enterprises, which mainly embodies on two aspects: enhance of reputation and government supporting. However, the contradiction with profitability should not be neglected, it affects some small companies significantly.

但據我瞭解，很多學生並不傾向於單邊作文的撰寫，首先，時間緊迫，沒有充足的時間去想觀點，雙邊一正一反幾乎不需花時間思考。其次，邏輯清晰，一正一反邏輯最爲清晰了，很多寫單邊的學生容易描述着就寫篇了，導致文章結構不清晰，所以，我在這裏爲那些只想拿6.5的學生推薦一種寫法，叫“雙邊列舉法”

顧名思義，就是在每一個主體段裏列舉出自己的觀點，用first，second等連接詞去連接觀點，十分的清晰明瞭，非常適合中檔學生去練習。