英語 ing式的語態知識講解

-ing式的語態

大多數時候，-ing式使用主動語態形式，少數時候使用被動語態形式。

(1)當-ing式前面沒有his, him之類物主代詞或者名詞所有格作它的邏輯主語時，-ing式被動語態的邏輯主語一般就是該句的主語。

Jack avoided speaking rudely.

傑克避免講話粗魯。

(speaking的邏輯主語就是句子的主語Jack)

Having stood two hours, she wanted to sit down.

站了2個小時，她想坐下了。

(Having stood的邏輯主語就是句子主語she)

She sat on the sofa watching TV.

她坐在沙發上看電視。

(watching TV的邏輯主語是句子的主語she)

(2)-ing式的邏輯主語是這個-ing式動作的承受者時，-ing式要用被動語態形式。

Everyone enjoys being praised.

每個人都喜歡受表揚。

(Everyone是praised的承受者)

The man was lying on the couch being examined.

那人躺在牀上接受檢查。

(The man是examined的承受者)

I found him being criticized by his father.

我發現他正受父親的批評。

(him是criticised的承受者)

Their being awarded encourages everyone else.

他們所受的獎勵鼓勵着所有其他人。

(Their=Them是awarded的承受者)

注意：

當主語是物體，謂語是need, want, require, deserve時，作賓語的-ing式用主動式代替被動式，因爲被動式稍嫌囉嗦。

The TV set needs repairing now.

這電視機需要修理了。

=The TV set needs being repaired now.

The walls wants to be whitewashing.

牆壁需要粉刷了。

= The walls wants to be whitewashed.

The food requires to be heating.

這個食品需要加熱。

= The food requires to be heated.

此外，形容詞worth後面也接-ing式的主式代替被動式，而worthy後面則要用不定式的被動語態，或者of加-ing式的被動語態。

This movie is worth seeing.

這電影值得看。

= This movie is worth to be seen.

This computer is worthy buying.

這臺電腦值得買。

=This computer is worthy to be bought.

= This computer is worthy of being bought