2020年12月四六級翻譯預測（6）
大家好，四六級考試臨近，本閣主（ID：hujiangcet）爲了幫助廣大考生過級，特開闢新欄目，考前每天一篇翻譯練習（選取最有可能考的翻譯題材、段落），供大家日常練習用。
聲明：押題只是練習翻譯手感，積累話題詞彙，練習常考句式結構，切勿迷信。
01 筷子
筷子(chopsticks)是中國古人發明的一種具有鮮明民族特色的進食工具(tableware)，是反映中國飲食文化特色的重要組成部分。
中國人使用筷子的歷史可追溯到商代，距今已有三千多年。
筷子可謂是中國國粹，既輕巧又靈活，在世界各國餐具中獨樹一幟，被西方人譽爲“東方的文明”。
凡是使用過筷子的人，不論中國人或是外國人，都因其使用方便、物美價廉而讚歎不絕。
參考翻譯
Chopsticks, invented by ancient Chinese people, are a kind of tableware with distinct nationAl features, being an important component that reflects the characteristics of Chinese diet culture.
The history of using chopsticks in China dates back to the Shang Dynasty, more than3,000 years ago.
Chopsticks, the quintessence of Chinese culture, whose lightness and flexibility develop a school of its own among various tableware all over the world, are praised as "Eastern Civilization" by the westerners.
All those people who have ever used chopsticks, no matter Chinese or foreigners, marvel at their convenience, excellent quality, and reasonable price.
02 瓷器
原文（一）
瓷器(porcelain)是一種由精選的瓷土(porcelain clay)或瓷石(pottery stone)、通過工藝流程製成的物件。
儘管瓷器由陶器（pottery)發展而來，然而它們在原料、釉(glaze)、燒製溫度方面都是不同的。
比起陶器，瓷器質地更堅硬，器身更通透，光澤也更好。
瓷器在英語裏叫做china,因爲第一件瓷器就是在中國製造的。
瓷器促進了中國和外部世界之間的經濟文化交流，並深刻地影響着其他國家的傳統文化和生活方式。
參考翻譯
Porcelain is a material made from well-chosen porcelain clay or pottery stone through technological processes.
Although porcelain is developed from pottery, the two are different in raw material, glaze and firing temperature.
Compared with pottery, porcelain has a tougher texture, a more transparent body, and finer luster.
It is called china in English because it was first made in China.
Porcelain promotes economic and cultural exchanges between China and the outside world, and also profoundly influences the traditional culture and lifestyle of other countries.
難點講解
（1）瓷器是一種由精選的瓷土或瓷石，通過工藝流程製成的物件。
解析：“精選的”可譯爲well-chosen，這種well+形容詞的構詞法還有：well-formed(身材苗條的；結構良好的）、well-trained (訓練有素的）、well-built(體型勻稱的）；
“工藝流程”可譯爲technological processes; “製成”可譯爲be made from, from表示不可以看出原材料。同義詞組be made of, of表示看得出原材料。
（2）儘管瓷器由陶器發展而來，然而它們在原料、釉、燒製溫度方面都是不同的。比起陶器，瓷器質地更堅硬，器身更通透，光澤也更好。
解析：“由...發展而來”可用develop from表示；“原料”可用raw material表示；
raw意爲“生的；未加工的”，還可構成詞組：raw water(生水）、raw coal(原煤）、raw data(原始數據）；
“質地更堅硬”即“更堅硬的質地”，可譯爲tougher texture; “器身更透明”即“更透明的器身”，可譯爲transparent body。
（3）瓷器促進了中國和外部世界之間的經濟文化交流，並深刻影響着其他國家的傳統文化和生活方式。
解析：該句有兩個謂語動詞，即promotes和influences，用and連接。
“經濟文化交流”可譯爲economic and cultural exchanges。
原文（二）
唐朝時期，人們就在昌南建造窯坊(kiln)，燒製出一種青白瓷(bluish white porcelain)。
青白瓷色彩晶瑩，有“人造玉器”的美稱，因而遠近聞名，並大量出口歐洲。
當時，歐洲人還不會製造瓷器，因此中國特別是昌南鎮的瓷器很受歡迎。
在歐洲，昌南鎮瓷器是備受珍愛的貴重物品，人們以能獲得一件昌南鎮瓷器爲榮。
因此，歐洲人就以“昌南”作爲瓷器和生產瓷器的“中國”的代稱。
久而久之，歐洲人就把昌南的本意忘卻了，只記得它是“瓷器”，即“中國”了。
參考翻譯
In the Tang Dynasty, people started to build kilns to make bluish-white porcelain in Changnan.
The bluish-white porcelain was glittering and had the reputation of artificial jade, so it became famous home and abroad and was exported to Europe in large amounts.
At that time, Europeans were not able to make porcelain, so porcelain from China, especially from Changnan, was warmly welcomed.
In Europe, porcelain from Changnan was a luxurious article cherished by everyone, and obtaining even one piece of it would make people feel very proud.
In this way, Europeans used Changnan as the code name for china (porcelain) and the place of its production, China.
Gradually, Europeans forgot the original meaning of Changnan，only remembering it is “china”，namely “China”.
難點講解
（1）燒製出一種青白瓷:可譯爲make bluish white porcelain，燒製可譯爲 make，“青白色的”可譯爲bluish white。
（2）色彩晶螢:可譯爲glittering,意爲“閃閃發光的”。
（3）遠近聞名:可譯爲befamous home and abroad。
（4）以…爲榮:即beproud of，文中譯爲…make people feel proud。
（5）久而久之:理解爲“逐漸地”，可用gradually來表達。
（6）只記得它是瓷器:根據前後句，本句可譯爲only remembering it is “china”, 用現在分詞作狀語來表達。
03 扇子
原文
在中國，扇子的使用始於數千年前。
扇子是由許多不同的材料製成的。
漢、唐期間，農業有了發展，絲綢和緞面(satin)扇子開始出現，並在文人雅士 (scholars and artists)中成爲了一種時尚。他們通過在扇面上書寫和繪畫來展示自己的才能。
扇子很快獲得了非常大的社會意義。
它們成爲了有學問的人標準夏季着裝的一部分。
中國製作的扇子多種多樣。
它們如今依舊享有盛譽。
參考翻譯
Fans began to be used in China thousands of years ago.
They were made out of many different materials.
During the Han and Tang Dynasties, due to progress in agriculture, silk and satin fans appeared, and they became a fashion among scholars and artists who showed their genius by writing and painting on the fans.
Fans soon acquired considerable social significance.
They became a part of the standard summer costume among the learned.
A great variety of fans have been produced in China and they still enjoy a great reputation today.
難點講解
（1）在中國，扇子的使用始於數千年前。
解析：該句可譯爲被動句Fans began to be used in China thousands of yearsago，其主語是Fans，謂語則是began to be used。
（2）漢、唐期間，農業有了發展，絲綢和緞面的扇子開始出現。
解析：漢、唐期間可作爲第一句的時間狀語，譯爲during the Hanand Tang Dynasties；
“農業有了發展”其實是絲綢和緞面扇子出現的原因，所以這裏有一層因果邏輯關係，可用因果連詞來表達。
